Öz
Bu çalışmada, 2013-2018 yılları arasında Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Laboratuvarına getirilen mastitisli ineklere ait 1687 süt örneğinden izole edilen Gram negatif bakterilerin mastitis tedavisinde kullanılan 9 antibiyotiğe karşı in vitro dirençlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Kanlı agar ve MacConkey Agar’a ekimleri yapılan süt örneklerinin 1352’sinden 1708 mikroorganizma izole edilirken, 335 örnekten izolasyon yapılamadı. Konvansiyonel bakteriyolojik yöntemlerle izolasyon ve identifikasyonları yapılan etkenlerin 151 (%8.84)’i Gram negatif bakteri olarak belirlendi. Escherichia coli, Gram negatifler içinde en fazla izole edilen bakteri %54.30 (82/151) oldu. İzole edilen diğer Gram negatif bakterilerin %17.88’i Klebsiella pneumoniae, %7.95’i Pseudomonas aeruginosa, %7.95’i Citrobacter sp., %5.30’u Pasteurella sp., %2.64’ü Enterobacter sp., %1.99’u Proteus sp., %0.66’sı Flavobacter sp., %0.66’sı Alcaligenes faecalis ve %0.66’sı Actinobacillus sp. olarak identifiye edildi. Gram negatif bakterilerin %96.69’u kloksasiline, %96.03’ü eritromisine, %76.16’sı oksitetrasikline, %70.86’sı amoksisiline, %54.97’si trimetoprim sulfametoksazole, %54.30’u gentamisine, %47.68’i sefoperazona, %45.03’ü amoksisilin klavulanik asite, ve %29.80’i enrofloksasine dirençli bulundu. E.coli ve Pasteurella sp. izolatları hariç, Gram negatif bakterilerin en az iki antibiyotiğe dirençli olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; Burdur ilinde mastitisli sütlerden izole edilen Gram negatif bakteriler içinde E. coli’nin ilk sırayı aldığı, bunu Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. ve Citrobacter sp.’nin takip ettiği, Gram negatif bakterilerin antibiyotiklere
dirençliliklerindeki farklılıklar nedeniyle tedavinin antibiyotik duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre yapılması gerektiği kanısına varıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ahmed AM, Shimamoto T (2011). Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in Egypt. Microbiol Immunol, 55, 318–327.
- Ak S (2000). Trakya yöresinde sığır mastitisinden sorumlu bulaşıcı ve çevresel bakteriyel etkenler ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 26 (2), 353-365.
- Alekish MO, Al-Qudah KM, Al-Saleh A (2013). Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in northern Jordan. Revue Méd. Vét, 164, 6, 319-326.
- Aydın N, Paracıkoğlu J (2006). Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji. Ankara: İlke-Emek Yayınları.
- Büyükcangaz E, Mat B, Ahmed MKKA (2012). Subklinik mastitisli sığır sütlerinin mikrobiyolojik analizi ve izolatların antimikrobiyal direnç profili, Uludag Univ Vet Fak Derg 31 (2), 35-44.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals; Second Informational Supplement, CLSI document, VET01-S2, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute , Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Costa EO, Ribeiro AR, Watanabe ET, Melville P (1998). Infectious bovine mastitis caused by environmental organism. Zbl Vet Med (B), 45, 65-71.
- Çokal Y ve Konuş R (2012). Isolation of aerobic bacteria from milk of subclinical mastitis cows. Balıkesir Saglik Bil Derg, 1(2), 65-69.
- Dereje K, Kebede A, Abebe N, Tamiru Y (2018). Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Mastitis Causing Bacteria at Holeta Agricultural Research Center Dairy Farms. IJAST, 2 (1), 6-13.
- Dinç G, Ata Z ve Temelli S (2012). Sığır mastitislerinden izole edilen Escherichia coli suşlarında genişlemiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz aktivitesi ve antibiyotik dirençlilik profilinin incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 59, 85-88.
- El-Zubeir IEM, Kutzer P, El Owni OAO (2006). Frequencies and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing mastitis among cows and their environment in Khartoum State. Res J Microbiol, 1(2), 101-109.
- Ghazy AE, Alkatsha MI, Khaliel SA, Noseir ME (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from bovine mastitis, AJVS, 44, 80-85.
- Gülcü HB ve Ertaş HB (2004). Bacteriological investigation of udder lobes of cows with mastitis slaughtered in the Elazığ region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28, 91-94.
- Hertl JA, Gröhn YT, Leach JDG ve ark (2010) Effects of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on the probability of conception in New York State Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 93 (4), 1551-1560.
- Hinthong W, Pumipuntu N, Santajit S ve ark (2017) Detection and drug resistance profile of Escherichia coli from subclinical mastitis cows and water supply in dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand. PeerJ 5:e3431; DOI 10.7717/peerj.3431
- Hogan J, Smith KL (2003). Coliform mastitis. Vet Res, 34, 507–519.
- McLennan MW, Kelly WR, O’boyle D (1997). Pseudomonas mastitis in a dairy herd. Aust Vet J, 75 (11).
- Mekonnen H, Workıneh S, Bayleyegn M, Moges A, Tadele K (2005). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of mastitis isolates from cows in three major Ethiopian dairies, Revue Méd Vét, 156 (7), 391-394.
- Osborne AD, Armstrong K, Catrysse NH, Butler G ve Versavel L (1981). An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Can Vet J, 22, 215-217.
- Ribeiro MG, Motta RG, Paes AC ve ark (2008). Peracute bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 60 (2), 485-488.
- Sabuncuoğlu N ve Çoban Ö (2006) Mastitis Ekonomisi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg, 1 (1-2) 1-5.
- Saglam AG, Otlu S, Çoskun MR, Celik E, Büyük F, Sahin M (2018). İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı, Etken İzolasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 34 (2,) 92-98.
- Silva N, Costa GM.. (2001). An outbreak of acute bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a dairy herd. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 53(4), 1-5.
- Şahin C, Erbaş GM (2015). Sığırların klinik mastitislerinden Pseudomonas aeruginosa’nın izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26 (1), 16-20.
- Schukken Y, Chuff M, Moroni P ve ark (2012). The “Other” Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mastitis Klebsiella, Serratia, and More, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28 (2), 239-56.
- Srinivasan V, Gillespie BE, Lewis MJ ve ark (2007). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 124, 319-328.
- Tel OY, Keskin O, Zonturlu AK, Arserim Kaya NB (2009). Subclinical mastitis prevalance and determination of the antibiotics susceptibility in Sanliurfa Region. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 23 (2), 101-106.
- Turkyılmaz S, Yıldız O, Oryaşın E, Kaynarca S, Bozdogan B (2010). Molecular identification of bacteria isolated from dairy herds with mastitis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (6), 1025-1032.
- Turutoglu H, Mudul S, Pehlivanoglu F (2002) Antibiotic susceptibility and β-lactamase prevalance for staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples, Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), 52, 5-6, 337-344.
- Türütoğlu H, Ateşoğlu A, Salihoğlu H, Öztürk M (1995). Marmara bölgesi süt ineklerinde mastitise neden olan aerobik etkenler. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 125-137.
- Turutoglu H, Ozturk D (2007). In vitro activity of chosen antibiotics against Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases. Medycyna Wet, 63 (1), 65-67.
- Yeşilmen S, Özyurtlu N, Bademkıran S (2012). Diyarbakır Yöresinde Subklinik Mastitisli İneklerde Etken İzolasyonu ve Duyarlı Antibiyotiklerin Belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 1 (4), 24-29.
- Winn W, Allen S, Janda,W, Koneman E ve ark (2006). Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York.
Öz
In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis that were brought to Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology Laboratory between 2013 and 2018. A total of 1687 milk samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. While 1708 microorganisms were isolated from 1352 milk samples, no any microorganisms were isolated from 335 samples. Isolation and identification of bacteria was made by conventional bacteriological methods and 151 (8.84%) of these bacteria were detected to be Gram negative. Escherichia coli, which constitutes 54.30% (82/151) of the Gram negative isolates, was the most isolated bacterium. Other Gram negatives were identified to be 17.88% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7.95% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7.95% Citrobacter sp., 5.30% Pasteurella sp., 2.64% Enterobacter sp., 1.99% Proteus sp., 0.66% Flavobacter sp., 0.66% Alcaligenes faecalis and 0.66% Actinobacillus sp. In vitro resistance of these bacteria against to 9 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test. Over all 96.69% of the Gram negatives were found resistant to cloxacillin, 96.03% to erythromycin, 76.16% to oxytetracycline, 70.86% to amoxicillin, 54.97% to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, 54.30% to gentamicin, 47.68 % to cefoperazone, 45.03% to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and 29.80%, to enrofloxacin. All Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to at least two antibiotics, except for E. coli and Pasteurella sp. isolates. As a result, it was determined that E. coli was the most isolated Gram negative bacterium from bovine mastitis cases in Burdur province, followed by Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Citrobacter sp., due to the differences in antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria, the treatment should be done according to antibiotic susceptibility test results.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ahmed AM, Shimamoto T (2011). Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in Egypt. Microbiol Immunol, 55, 318–327.
- Ak S (2000). Trakya yöresinde sığır mastitisinden sorumlu bulaşıcı ve çevresel bakteriyel etkenler ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 26 (2), 353-365.
- Alekish MO, Al-Qudah KM, Al-Saleh A (2013). Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in northern Jordan. Revue Méd. Vét, 164, 6, 319-326.
- Aydın N, Paracıkoğlu J (2006). Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji. Ankara: İlke-Emek Yayınları.
- Büyükcangaz E, Mat B, Ahmed MKKA (2012). Subklinik mastitisli sığır sütlerinin mikrobiyolojik analizi ve izolatların antimikrobiyal direnç profili, Uludag Univ Vet Fak Derg 31 (2), 35-44.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals; Second Informational Supplement, CLSI document, VET01-S2, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute , Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Costa EO, Ribeiro AR, Watanabe ET, Melville P (1998). Infectious bovine mastitis caused by environmental organism. Zbl Vet Med (B), 45, 65-71.
- Çokal Y ve Konuş R (2012). Isolation of aerobic bacteria from milk of subclinical mastitis cows. Balıkesir Saglik Bil Derg, 1(2), 65-69.
- Dereje K, Kebede A, Abebe N, Tamiru Y (2018). Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Mastitis Causing Bacteria at Holeta Agricultural Research Center Dairy Farms. IJAST, 2 (1), 6-13.
- Dinç G, Ata Z ve Temelli S (2012). Sığır mastitislerinden izole edilen Escherichia coli suşlarında genişlemiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz aktivitesi ve antibiyotik dirençlilik profilinin incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 59, 85-88.
- El-Zubeir IEM, Kutzer P, El Owni OAO (2006). Frequencies and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing mastitis among cows and their environment in Khartoum State. Res J Microbiol, 1(2), 101-109.
- Ghazy AE, Alkatsha MI, Khaliel SA, Noseir ME (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from bovine mastitis, AJVS, 44, 80-85.
- Gülcü HB ve Ertaş HB (2004). Bacteriological investigation of udder lobes of cows with mastitis slaughtered in the Elazığ region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28, 91-94.
- Hertl JA, Gröhn YT, Leach JDG ve ark (2010) Effects of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on the probability of conception in New York State Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 93 (4), 1551-1560.
- Hinthong W, Pumipuntu N, Santajit S ve ark (2017) Detection and drug resistance profile of Escherichia coli from subclinical mastitis cows and water supply in dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand. PeerJ 5:e3431; DOI 10.7717/peerj.3431
- Hogan J, Smith KL (2003). Coliform mastitis. Vet Res, 34, 507–519.
- McLennan MW, Kelly WR, O’boyle D (1997). Pseudomonas mastitis in a dairy herd. Aust Vet J, 75 (11).
- Mekonnen H, Workıneh S, Bayleyegn M, Moges A, Tadele K (2005). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of mastitis isolates from cows in three major Ethiopian dairies, Revue Méd Vét, 156 (7), 391-394.
- Osborne AD, Armstrong K, Catrysse NH, Butler G ve Versavel L (1981). An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Can Vet J, 22, 215-217.
- Ribeiro MG, Motta RG, Paes AC ve ark (2008). Peracute bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 60 (2), 485-488.
- Sabuncuoğlu N ve Çoban Ö (2006) Mastitis Ekonomisi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg, 1 (1-2) 1-5.
- Saglam AG, Otlu S, Çoskun MR, Celik E, Büyük F, Sahin M (2018). İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı, Etken İzolasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 34 (2,) 92-98.
- Silva N, Costa GM.. (2001). An outbreak of acute bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a dairy herd. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 53(4), 1-5.
- Şahin C, Erbaş GM (2015). Sığırların klinik mastitislerinden Pseudomonas aeruginosa’nın izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26 (1), 16-20.
- Schukken Y, Chuff M, Moroni P ve ark (2012). The “Other” Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mastitis Klebsiella, Serratia, and More, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28 (2), 239-56.
- Srinivasan V, Gillespie BE, Lewis MJ ve ark (2007). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 124, 319-328.
- Tel OY, Keskin O, Zonturlu AK, Arserim Kaya NB (2009). Subclinical mastitis prevalance and determination of the antibiotics susceptibility in Sanliurfa Region. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 23 (2), 101-106.
- Turkyılmaz S, Yıldız O, Oryaşın E, Kaynarca S, Bozdogan B (2010). Molecular identification of bacteria isolated from dairy herds with mastitis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (6), 1025-1032.
- Turutoglu H, Mudul S, Pehlivanoglu F (2002) Antibiotic susceptibility and β-lactamase prevalance for staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples, Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), 52, 5-6, 337-344.
- Türütoğlu H, Ateşoğlu A, Salihoğlu H, Öztürk M (1995). Marmara bölgesi süt ineklerinde mastitise neden olan aerobik etkenler. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 125-137.
- Turutoglu H, Ozturk D (2007). In vitro activity of chosen antibiotics against Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases. Medycyna Wet, 63 (1), 65-67.
- Yeşilmen S, Özyurtlu N, Bademkıran S (2012). Diyarbakır Yöresinde Subklinik Mastitisli İneklerde Etken İzolasyonu ve Duyarlı Antibiyotiklerin Belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 1 (4), 24-29.
- Winn W, Allen S, Janda,W, Koneman E ve ark (2006). Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Temmuz 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Ocak 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Kabul edilen makaleler Creative Commons Atıf-Ticari Olmayan Lisansla Paylaş 4.0 uluslararası lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.